ABSTRACT
Meige's syndrome is a segmental craniocervical dystonia extrapyramidal disorder, which belongs to a type of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). The cause is unknown and is commonly seen in middle-aged and elder women, and is often associated with depression, trauma, drugs, surgery and other risk factors. Blepharospasm is the earliest and most common clinical symptom of Meige's syndrome, although there is a possibility of spontaneous remission, the risk of blindness still exists. Clinically, treatment is often delayed and the prognosis is influenced due to insufficient understanding of Meige's syndrome. As the incidence of Meige syndrome increases, particularly blepharospasm in ophthalmology, a comprehensive understanding of Meige's syndrome is needed to improve the ability of ophthalmologists to treat the condition and to guide the appropriate use of clinical medication. In this paper, we review advances in the treatment of Meige's syndrome with blepharospasm and summarize the pros and cons of pharmacotherapy, surgery and traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease by ophthalmologists.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulatory effect of extracts from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix on immunodeficiency mice by immunosuppressive mouse model induced by cyclophosphamide. Method:An immunosuppressive animal model was established by cyclophosphamide. The blank group, the model group, the low,medium and high dose group of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Sophora extract groups (25,50,100 mg·kg-1), using mouse organs organ evaluation index using a mouse model to evaluate the carbon clearance phagocytic cell function using luminex to detect levels of relevant cytokines in serum and using flow to detect the number of helper T cells. Mouse mononuclear macrophage leukemia cells (RAW264.7) were cultured in vitro, and the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells were detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay. The proliferation was induced by Real-time PCR. The impact and its possible mechanisms are explored. Result:Compared with blank group, cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited liver index (PPPP-1 cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited the proliferation of mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7 (PPPPPPPP1 gene (CCND1) plays an anti-apoptotic role. Conclusion:The extracts from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix can counteract the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide and enhance the immune function of animals.
ABSTRACT
In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.On one hand,myeloid cells can regulate human immune system;on the other hand,myeloid cells can influence tumor progression,metastasis and clinical treatments.In this review,we summarize the interaction between myeloid cells and tumors,discuss the effects of myeloid cells after recruited to tumor sites and its mechanisms,try to put forward clinical therapy targeting myeloid cells and provide references for the following research and clinical treatments.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the retinal thickness of macular in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical features of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods Totally 40 patients (40 eyes) with T2DM without DR and 70 healthy volunteers (70 eyes) from August 2017 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study.Usage of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the software of automatic segmentation to measure the average thickness of total retinal (R),inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer namely photoreceptor layer (PL) in macular.The foveal center was divided according to three concentric circle with the diameter of 1 mm,3 mm and 6 mm (including the partition of R total,R-1,R-3,R-6,IRL-1,IRL-3,IRL-6,PL-1,PL-3 and PL-6),and the average retinal thicknesses of these partitions between these two group were compared and analyzed.Results The thickness of PL-1 and PL-3 in no DR group was significantly thinner than that in the normal control group [(71 ± 4)μm vs.(73 ± 3) μm and (66 ± 2) μm vs.(67 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).In the normal control group,except the IRL-6 and PL-1,the difference of the thickness was significant in the other macular regions between various genders (all P ＜ 0.05).In the male subjects,the thickness of PL-3 and PL-6 in no DR group was significantly thinner than that in the normal control group [(67 ± 2) μm vs.(68 ± 2) μm and (65 ± 2) μm vs.(66 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).In the female subjects,the mean thicknesses of PL-3 and PL-6 in no DR group was significant thinner than those in normal control group [(65 ± 2) μm vs.(67 ± 2) μm and (63 ± 2) μm vs.(64 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).There was no obviously difference in the other parts between these two groups,Conclusion The mean retinal thicknesses of the parafovea and perifovea are significantly thinner in no DR group than that of the normal control group.The measurement of the PL thickness of macular by SD-OCT may promote the study of early stage of DR,and become an important biological marker for early monitoring of DR.
ABSTRACT
Pleural effusion after hepatectomy is associated with significant morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. Several studies have addressed the risk factors for postoperative pleural effusion. However, there are no researches concerning the role of the initial 12-h operative fluid volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the initial 12-h operative fluid volume during liver resection is an independent risk factor for pleural effusion after hepatectomy. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 470 patients consecutively undergoing elective hepatectomy between January 2011 and December 2012. We prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed baseline and clinical data, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify whether the initial 12-h operative fluid volume was an independent risk factor for pleural effusion after hepatectomy. The multivariate analysis identified 2 independent risk factors for pleural effusion: operative time [odds ratio (OR)=10.2] and initial 12-h operative fluid volume (OR=1.0003). Threshold effect analyses revealed that the initial 12 h operative fluid volume was positively correlated with the incidence of pleural effusion when the initial 12-h operative fluid volume exceeded 4636 mL. We conclude that the initial 12-h operative fluid volume during liver resection and operative time are independent risk factors for pleural effusion after hepatectomy. Perioperative intravenous fluids should be restricted properly.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Fluid Therapy , Hepatectomy , Methods , Operative Time , Pleural Effusion , Epidemiology , Postoperative Complications , Epidemiology , Rehydration SolutionsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and lung injuries by assessing their clinical manifestations and characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2009 to April 2012, 91 UC patients presenting to Longhua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the scores of disease activity index, the patients were divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups. Meanwhile, the records of pulmonary symptoms, chest X-ray image, and pulmonary function were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-eight (74.7%) patients had at least 1 pulmonary symptom, such as cough (38.5%), shortness of breath (27.5%), and expectoration (17.6%). And 77 (84.6%) had at least 1 ventilation abnormality. Vital capacity value was significantly lower in the severe group than that in the mild group (91.82%±10.38% vs. 98.92%±12.12%, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lung injury is a common extraintestinal complication of UC. According to the theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine that the lung and large intestine are related, both the lungs and large intestine should be treated simultaneously.</p>